Let us start with black humor. Black humor is a joke or comment that is about a certin subject usually not talked about publicly.
"Hey, wasn't the Bible written by the same people who said the world was flat?"
This quote is black humor because it is making fun of religion. Religion is usually a serious and controversial subjuct that people defend so when somebody pokes fun at it it can be taken the wrong way.
A hyperbole is an extreme exaggeration.
These are examples of hyperbole because they do not literally mean what they are saying. They are using extreme exaggeration to explain what they are trying to say.
Now for situational irony. Situational irony is what you will find in an everyday sitcom. It usually has the usual characters and some type of situation that is humorus. It does not need to be a show though. For an example: Bill Gates enters into a competition and ends up winning a computer. This would be situation irony because obviously Mr. Gates does not need a computer.
A play on words is where words are used that sound like one thing but mean another.
In this picture the horse is asking is the stick has ever seen a horse fly. You would think he means the insect but what the horse is literally asking if the stick has seen a horse fly.
